会议名称：“2021世界木材日”研讨会暨第三届国际林联（IUFRO） 林产品文化研究组讨论会
会议时间：2021年3月21日

报告嘉宾：Eckart Senitza 
嘉宾简介：president of Pro Silva since 2017: 20 full members in Europe, 11 under development /contact points, associated partners around the globe; biggest network of 5.500 individual members in Europe, linking science, practice and public; exemplary forests, reference stands, marteloscopes; excursions, projects, political success.

报告摘要：
“Pro Silva” represents a network all over Europe and beyond, with more than 5.500 individual members as one of the larges networks of forest owners, practitioners, scientists, administration staff and consulters to promote “close to nature forestry” as one model for integrated forest management. Pro Silva Silviculture is based on a balanced set of principles and various guidelines and a silvicultural toolbox for managing close to nature forest with the role of light and shadow. 
Natural processed should be used as much as possible to stimulate forest development that full fills a set of different goals, according to the priorities of forest management targets. Forest management has not to be developed following strict prescriptions, but according to the mentioned principles with respect to the local site conditions, soil, tree species composition, etc. Natural regeneration with a high amplitude of genetic variations and species is a core feature that must work also in relation to herbivores. Epigenetic effects and a high genetic variety offer far more options in climate change adaptation than mono species plantation can do.
Recent scientific results confirm that mixed species forest types with a high structural diversity, multilayer structure have a higher productivity and far increased resilience under turbulent environmental influences. From economic perspective a richer portfolio gives not the maximum output but delivers higher income in changing market and risks by storm, bark beetle and fire. A functioning ecosystem, which a forest should be and treated as, has the ability to buffer und offer many opportunities of interaction of the systems components, even with effects still unknown, as many processes in the soil and also in decomposition of organic matters from wood, needle, leaves, etc.
A richer soil with better humus status, a certain amount of deadwood and also a higher a constant level of growing stock is one important component of carbon storage and sequestration. In addition, all carbon in the wooden products, especially in long lasting construction timber in the booming wood building all over the globe is a massive storage of carbon for 30 years or more. The substitution of fossil based materials and high energy consuming construction elements as concrete and steel, and even the cascadic use of timber as source of energy in the end of the cycle offers further opportunities. 
“Close to nature forestry” needs more investment in complex knowhow, in intense dissemination and observations of natural processes and human resources than in big machinery. It offers more flexibility to react on changes in climate conditions and moving targets due to changes of ownership and societal demands.

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