会议时间：2018年3月21-23日
会议地点：柬埔寨 · 暹粒
演讲嘉宾：Mya Mya Khin, University of Yangon

摘要：This paper describes Wood working and promoting its educational development in Myanmar. There are 10 well-known traditional in Myanmar. They are 1) Panchi (painting), 2) Punpu (sculpture), 3) Panbe (blacksmith), 4) Panyun (lacquerware), 5) Panpoot (making utensils turned on the lathe), 6) Panyan (building with brick, stone and concrete), 7) Pantaut (decorative floral designs in stucco), 8) Pantamaut ( stone carving), 9) Patain (gold and silver work) and 10) Pante (copper, bronze or brass smithing). Among these Punpu (sculpture) will be examined in detail here.

The art of Punpu can be seen in the people’s daily life. Artisans produce figure of humans, animals, and floral motifs made of wood. Myanmar traditional sculpture emerged before the Bagan period (996 CE) and improved in the middle of the Bagan era (1123 CE). This artistic tradition is still alive in Myanmar but some effort will be needed to sustain its future. It is important to maintain and transmit their traditional and sophisticated techniques. In order to understand the forces at work, “Khaing Pann Aien”, a work place and market center opened in the Kyaitkazan Pagoda campus will serves as a sample study place to describe how Punpu artisans transmit their knowledge and techniques to the next generation.

In the basic level training course, each trainee has to learn the general knowledge of sculpture work. In particular, they have to study and practice how to carve wood to produce animal figures: galon (mythical bird), tiger, lion, elephant, rat, puu (guinea pig), and so on. After training, they can curve and sell small animals as their products. After basic level training, they have to attend the middle level training. In this training, they have to learn how to curve wood to produce the 1.5 inch high. They need to take time to carve an animal. For example, one month is necessary for one animal and seven months are necessary for seven animals. Then, they can advance to the upper level course. In this training, they have to study how to carve wood to produce the animal figures in large scale. For this level, one year is necessary to learn and practice for carving above three inch high animals. 5 years are necessary to become a professional. In order to understand how they maintain and transmit the cultural heritage of their art or handicraft quality we documented the kinds of materials and techniques that are used in Khaing Pann Aein.