会议名称：2013 杉木文化国际研讨会
　　　　　2013 International Wood Culture Symposium on Taxodiaceae
会议时间：2013年10月26-27日
会议地点：中国湖南省长沙市·中南林业科技大学
报 告 人：Pieter Baas
　　　　　荷兰莱顿大学荣誉教授

Abstract
Nine, mostly monospecific, genera of the Cupressaceae:  Athrotaxis, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia, Sequoia, Sequoiadendron, Taiwania, and Taxodiumwere formerly treated as a separate family, theTaxodiaceae. Phylogenetic studies, especially DNA analyses, have shown them to belong to five basal clades in the Cupressaceae, which have been given the rank of subfamilies. Wood anatomy supports the inclusion of these genera in Cupressaceae. Like many other genera in this family they have relatively abundant axial parenchyma and taxodioid and/or cupressoid crossfield pits (or intermediate pit types) and typically smooth end walls of the ray cells. Ray tracheids are virtually absent, as are normal resin canals. Traumatic resin canals seem only common in Sequoia. Features that do vary are quite few, and can rarely be used to recognize genera or species with certainty. For instance, rays are usually 1(--2)-seriate, but 1—3(--4)-seriate rays occur in old trunks of Sequoia.  Bordered inter-tracheid pits are usually 1(--2)-seriate, but opposite 2—3(--4)-seriate pits occur in Sequoia,Taiwania and Taxodium, and occasionally in Metasequioa. Pits with notched borders occur in Athrotaxis, Cryptomeria, Taiwania  and Sequoia  (but reputedly not in  Sequoiadendron). Indentures at the interface of horizontal and tangential ray cell  walls are restricted to Crytomeria,  Taiwania and Taxodium  but vary in distinctness.  A major problem for the microscopic identification of wood of the Cupressaceae (including the “Taxodiaceae”), is that within-a- tree and within-a-species variation may overlap or even exceed the variation among the genera. However, on a regional or local level, when the number of possible candidates of wild or cultivated species is low, wood anatomical identification is often possible. For the identification of fossil woods the problem is even more difficult, because several features such as crossfield pit types and ray cell wall details may be hard to observe in fossils, and because there were more genera and species of Cupressaceae in the past than have survived in the modern floras.

Several former Taxodiaceae are iconic and majestic trees in their natural distribution area. Many are also highly endangered, mainly through overexplotation in the past of their even-grained low- to medium density timbers. Their greatest promise for wood culture today and in the future is as a source of timber from plantation grown stock or as much enjoyed trees in nature reserves and as park or roadside trees.

Speaker Profile
Pieter Baas 毕业于荷兰莱顿大学生物系并以优秀论文的成绩获得博士学位。自1969 年起，他任职于荷兰国家植物标本馆，该标本馆现隶属于荷兰国家自然生物多样性中心。1991 年至2005 年，他曾担任荷兰国家植物标本馆主任，现为植物分类学荣誉教授。自1976  年起，他还担任国际木材解剖学家杂志协会的首席编辑，曾出版6 部专著，发表220 篇科学论文。Pieter Bass 先生的主要研究领域为生态和功能性木材解剖、系统和亲缘植物解剖学、微观木材鉴定、生物多样性、生物史和木文化。Pieter Baas是荷兰皇家艺术和科学院（KNAW）院士、国际木材科学院（IAWS）院士、国际木材解剖学家协会（IAWA）荣誉会员、印度植物分类学家协会的荣誉会员和美国植物学会通讯会员。 Pieter Bass  先生还是2003年林奈金质奖章（植物学）获奖者和荷兰皇家骑士勋章获得者。

Mr. Pieter Baas studied Biology at Leiden University, and completed his PhD thesis (cum laude) on the phylogenetic  position of Ilex and putative relatives in 1975. From 1969 onwards he is  associated with National Herbarium of the  Netherlands (NHN), currently part of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center. From 1991--2005 he was director of the NHN. Currently is active as Professor Emeritus of Systematic Botany. His main areas of interest are in ecological and  functional wood anatomy, systematic and phylogenetic plant anatomy, microscopic wood identification, biodiversity, biohistory, and wood culture.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of the Netherlands (KNAW) and of the International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS); he is an Honorary Member of the International Association of Wood Anatomists and of the Indian Association of Plant Taxonomists; a Corresponding Membership of the Botanical Society of America; Recipients of the Linnean Gold Medal (Botany) 2003; and Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion.  From 1976 onwards he  is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal. He published over 220 scientific papers, and 6 books.

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