会议名称：“2022世界木材日”研讨会暨第四届国际林联（IUFRO）林产品文化研究组讨论会
会议时间：2022年3月21日

报告嘉宾：Michael Grabner
嘉宾简介：奥地利维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学（BOKU）教授

摘要：

Building with wood has accompanied mankind for a very long time. Even in prehistoric times, it can be assumed that people found shelter not only in caves but also in shelters made of twigs and branches. The online database “oldestwoodenobjects.net” holds therefore an own category “buildings / constructions”. The database, which started in 2017 based on a World Wood Day Grant, is collecting scientifically dated wooden artefacts, i.e. by dendrochronology or radiocarbon. At the moment 92 buildings from Europe, Northern America and Asia are listed.
The talk will give an overview on the time axis as well as on the main building types around the globe – based on the data base and own results.
Remnants of simple shelters were found in Germany dating back 370.000 years (Bilzingsleben). A clearer structure can be seen at a Tipi in Northern America dated to 9625 BCE (C14). Buildings made completely out of wood based on piles can be found in Europe starting from about 4500 BCE (C14, Resnikov prekop, Slovenia). Later on, huge post buildings were built on land, which can be seen just by archeological excavations. An example is a farmhouse in northern Germany dendro-dated to 62.
In Asia stone buildings with wooden constructions (roof, ceiling), which are still intact, can be found from 420 (C14) onwards. In Bethlehem the oldest wooden pieces in a church date at 525 (C14); in France in a fortress at 681 (dendro).
Looking at buildings completely made of wood, in Japan the Horyu-ji Tem-44ple built in 607 can be found. The Shôsô-in Shôsô (Nara, Japan) dated to 756 is a block construction. This construction type can be found in well-constructions since 5196 BCE (C14) in the Czech Republic and Germany.
Since the end of the Viking era buildings with roof or ceiling construction are still existing in Europe – for example the stave churches in Norway and Denmark (1060; dendro), or a church in Austria (1135, dendro).
Fascinating timber construction can be found up to now, mainly as post constructions.

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